Deep Sky - Messier Objects
M31 Andromeda Galaxy in Andromeda showing arcs of stars used to locate M31 (whole constellation not shown). Taken with 165mm telephoto lens at f/3.5 with Pentax 6x7 camera and Ektachrome E200 film and 18 minute exposure. Image cropped to closer to 35mm 2:3 format because of light leaks at edge of film frame. Taken from home October 2003. Glow layer added in Photoshop to add glows around stars. Mask applied to reduce vignetting from lens.
M31 Andromeda Galaxy in Andromeda and M33 in Triangulum showing stars used to locate them Taken with 165mm telephoto lens at f/3.5 with Pentax 6x7 camera and Ektachrome E200 film and 18 minute exposure. Image cropped to closer to 35mm 2:3 format because of light leaks at edge of film frame. Taken from home October 2003. Glow layer added in Photoshop to add glows around stars. mask applied to reduce lens vignetting.
Andromeda Rising at McGregor Lake
The constellation of Andromeda with its namesake galaxy at centre rising over McGregor Lake in southern Alberta on June 29, 2019, with solstice twilight brightening the sky to the north at left. Cassiopeia is at top left, with Perseus below. Pegasus is at right. This is a stack of 4 x 1-minute exposures for the ground, untracked, and a single 1-minute tracked exposure for the sky. The tracker mistracked for a couple of exposures spoiling the registration, so I used just one image for the sky. All were at ISO 800 with the Nikon D750 and Sigma 24mm lens at f/2.2.
Antares & Rho Ophiuchi Area (77mm 5DII)
The colourful region around yellow Antares (bottom) in Scorpius and blue Rho Ophiuchi (top) in Ophiuchus. The nebulas are largely reflection nebulas, taking on the colour of the stars embedded in the nebulas. However, the field also contains a lot of emission nebulosity, hydrogen gas glowing red and magenta. Plus there are fingers of brown dark dusty nebulosity. It is one of the most colourful regions of the sky. At right of Antares are two globular clusters, NGC 6144 (small, at 2 o'clock from Antares) and the larger Messier 4 right of Antares. This is a stack of 5 x 8 minute exposures with the Borg 77mm astrographic apo (330mm focal length) at f/4.3 and the filter-modified Canon 5D Mark II at ISO 800. I took this March 31/April 1 from Coonabarabran, NSW, Australia.
Antares area of Scorpius, with dark lanes of nebulosity (Rho Ophiuchi dark nebulas) leading down to Antares and globular cluster M4 at lower right, with colourful reflection and emission nebulas. Takenf from San Pedro de Atacama, Chile, May 2011, with Canon 7D (unmodified) and Canon 135mm telephoto lens at f/2.8 for stack of 8 x 2 minute exposures at U=ISO 1250.
The Colourful Nebulas Around Antares
The colourful region around Antares in Scorpius, the yellow star at centre. To the right is the globular cluster Messier 4. Above right of Antares is the smaller globular NGC 6144. Above are the nebulas associated with Rho Ophiuchi. The area is filled with reflection (yellow and blue) and emission nebulas (red and pink). The field simulates a binocular field. This is a stack of 5 x 2-minute exposures with the 200mm lens at f/2.8 and filter-modified Canon 5D MkII at ISO 1600.
The constellation of Auriga as well as southern Gemini, showing the 4 Messier star clusters: M36, M37, M38 in Auriga and M35 in Gemini. Taken from home with the Canon 5D MkII at ISO 800 and Sigma 50mm lens at f/4 for a stack of 5 x 6 minute exposures, plus a stack of 2 x 6 minutes with the Kenko Softon filter.
Auriga Clusters and Nebulosity
Messier and NGC clusters and nebulosity in southern Auriga. Taken October 9/10, 2010 under somewhat hazy skies. Stack of 5 x 2.5-minute exposures with 135mm Canon telephoto at f/3.2 and Canon 5D MkII at ISO1600.
Auriga Clusters, M36, M37, M38 (Bino Field)
Trio of open clusters in Auriga (left to right): M37, M36 and M38 and nearby nebulosity IC 410 and IC 405, Flaming Star Nebula at right. Small nebula at left is Sharpless 2-231. This is a stack of 5 x 4 minute exposurs with Canon 5D MkII at ISO 800 and Canon 135mm lens at f/2.8. Taken January 6, 2011. Field of view simulated binocular field.
B33 Horsehead and M78 Nebulas in Orion (92mm 6D)
The area around the Belt of Orion, with the Horsehead and Flame Nebulas at bottom flanking the bright star Zeta Orionis, aka Alnitak, with Messier 78 at upper left. Taken from home, on a slightly hazy and frosty night, Feb 7, 2013, using the Hutech modified Canon 6D at ISO 800 and the TMB 92mm apo refractor at f/4.8 for a stack of 6 x 7 minute exposures.
Backyard Milky Way with Jupiter and Saturn Rising
The late-night spring Milky Way from my rural backyard in Alberta (latitude 51° N) on a fine May night in 2020, with the waxing Moon just setting and lighting the landscape and sky. Jupiter (brightest) and Saturn to the east (left) are just rising together at left, east of the Milky Way. West of the galactic centre at right is red Antares in Scorpius. The Small Sagittarius and Scutum starclouds are prominent at centre, with their various Messier nebulas and star clusters visible. This is a stack of 4 x 2-minute tracked exposures for the untrailed sky blended with a stack of 4 x 2-minute untracked exposures for the sharp ground, with the 20mm Nikon F-mount Sigma Art lens on the Canon EOS Ra camera using the Metabones Nikon F to EOS R lens adapter. I shot this as a test of the lens adapter. Taken May 27/28, 2020. The camera was on the iOptron SkyGuider Pro tracker.
Belt and Sword of Orion, with Barnard's Loopp. This is a stack of 5 x 8 minute exposures at f/2.8 and ISO 1000 (set too high by mistake!) with the Canon 5D MkII and Canon L-series 135mm lens. The originals were overexposed but processed up nicely. Skyglow from Orion's altitude at home in Alberta adds the brighter glow at bottom of frame.
Belt of Orion with Horsehead Nebula & M78 (77mm 5DII)
The Belt of Orion with the Horsehead Nebula at botton, the dark nebula set in the bright emission nebula IC 434. The nebula at left of the Zeta Orionis (aka Alnitak) is the Flame Nebula, NGC 2024. The reflection nebula at upper left is the M78 complex with NGC 2071. The other Belt stars are Alnilan (centre) and Mintaka (upper right). The field contains a wealth of other blue reflection and red emission nebulas. Taken from Australia, March 2014 with the Borg 77mm astrographic apo refractor (330mm focal length) at f/4.3 for a stack of 5 x 10 minute exposures with the filter-modified Canon 5D Mark II at ISO 800.
A mosaic of the region in Cassiopeia and Cepheus containing the main nebulas: the Bubble Nebula (NGC 7635) at lower left, and the Cave Nebula (Sh 2-155) at upper right. At left is also the bright Messier open cluster M52. The small yellowish cluster at right is NGC 7419. The small cluster at lower centre is NGC 7510. The small nebula just left of centre is NGC 7538. This is a mosaic of 4 panels, each segment being a stack of 10 x 6-minute exposures taken over two nights with the TMB 92mm apo refractor at f/4.4 with the Borg 0.85x field flattener/reducer and the filter-modified Canon 5D MkII at ISO 800. Images stacked and merged in Photoshop. Shot from New Mexico.
Canis Major, the large Hunting Dog (Version 2)
The constellation of Canis Major, the large hunting dog of Orion the hunter. The binocular open star cluster Messier 41 is at centre below Sirius. The pair of star clusters, M46 and M47, are at left. The bright star is of course the Dog Star, Sirius. This is a stack of 2 x 2-minute exposures with the 50mm Sigma lens at f/2.5 and Canon 5D MkII at ISO 1600, plus an additional exposure through the Kenko Softon filter layered in to add the star glows. Taken from Quailway Cottage in Arizona, with the Star Adventurer Mini tracker.
The constellation of Canis Major, including the bright star Sirius, and below it, the open cluster M41. At bottom is the loose cluster/asterism CR 140. This is a stack of 6 x 4 minute exposures at f/2.8 with the Sigma 50mm lens and Canon 60Da at ISO 800. I shot this from Coonabarabran, Australia with the constellation straight overhead. I used the iOptron Sky Tracker. High cloud added the natural glows around stars - no filter was employed here.
The constellations of Canis Major, at left, with the bright star Sirius, and Lepus the hare to the right, with the star cluster M41 below Sirius. This is a stack of 5 x 2-minute exposures with the 50mm Sigma lens at f/2.5 and Canon 5D MkII at ISO 1600, plus an additional exposure through the Kenko Softon filter layered in to add the star glows. Taken from Quailway Cottage in Arizona, with the Star Adventurer Mini tracker.
Canis Minor and Cancer, with the Beehive
The small constellation of Canis Minor, at right, with the bright star Procyon, and Cancer the crab to the left, with the star cluster Messier 44, or the Beehive. The smaller cluster M67 is below M44. A bonus very green meteor streaks through Cancer, likely from the Geminid meteor shower. The head of Hydra is at bottom. This is a stack of 2 x 2-minute exposures with the 50mm Sigma lens at f/2.5 and Canon 5D MkII at ISO 1600, plus an additional exposure through the Kenko Softon filter layered in to add the star glows. Taken from Quailway Cottage in Arizona, with the Star Adventurer Mini tracker.
Cassiopeia, Cepheus & Andromeda Galaxy (35mm 5DII)
Cassiopeia (centre), Cepheus (right of centre), and the Andromeda Galaxy (at bottom) in a vertical segment from an attempted panorama along the Milky Way, from New Mexico, December 6, 2013. Perseus and the Double Cluster are at left. This is a stack of 4 x 3 minute exposures with the 35mm lens at f/4 and Canon 5D MkII at ISO 1600, plus a single shot through the Kenko Softon diffusion filter for the star glows.
Starclouds and Stardust – Mosaic of the Galactic Centre
A panoramic mosaic of bright starclouds and dark stardust in the rich region of the Milky Way around the centre of the Galaxy in Sagittarius. This panorama extends from the tail of Scorpius at far right to Serpens at far left, with the bright Sagittarius Starcloud near the direction of the galactic centre at centre. The Milky Way here is populated by a rich collection of nebulas and star clusters, including - from right to left - the Cat’s Paw and NGC 6337 in the tail of Scorpius at right, the Lagoon and Trifid Nebulas in Sagittarius (left of centre), and the Swan and Eagle Nebulas in Serpens at far left. The Small Sagittarius Starcloud, M24, is at left, flanked above and below by the star clusters M23 and M25. The star clusters M6 and M7 are at right of centre in Scorpius, with M7 lost in the starclouds. The bright “clouds” are masses of stars. The dark regions are obscuring regions of interstellar dust hiding the more distant stars. The actual centre of the Galaxy near the centre of the frame is not visible here in this or any visible light image as it is hidden by dust. The nebulas at right in Scorpius are much redder as they are obscured by dark interstellar dust which absorbs the shorter blue wavelengths which add to the pink colours of the other nebulas which glow in red and blue wavelengths of hydrogen alpha and beta as well as cyan oxygen III wavelengths. The mosaic runs along the galactic equator. I present this as a horizontal landscape image with north to the left and south to the right. This is the way you generally see this area in the southern hemisphere. But in the northern hemisphere this region of sky is seen running vertically from south to north, so the mosaic should be turned 90° CW to match that view. However, I shot this from Australia, on April 13, 2016 on a near perfect night for astronomy. This is a mosaic of 6 segments, each segment being a stack of 4 x 3-minute exposures at f/2.8 with the 135mm Canon L-Series telephoto lens, tracked on the AP 400 mount, and with the filter-modified Canon 5D MkII at ISO 1600. Stacking and stitching in Photoshop CC 2015. The original is 11,100 by 3,800 pixels.
A mosaic of the region around the centre of the Milky Way in Sagittarius and Scorpius. The field takes in the Milky Way from the Cat's Paw Nebula at bottom edge to the Eagle Nebula at top left. In between from top to bottom are the Swan Nebula (M17), the Small Sagittarius Starcloud (M24), the Trifid and Lagoon Nebulas (M20 and M8) and the open clusters M6 and M7. The prominent dark nebula at right is the large Pipe Nebula (B78) with the small Snake Nebula (B72) above it. The whole complex is visible to the naked eye as the Dark Horse. This is a mosaic of 6 panels, each a stack of 5 x 3 minute exposures with the 135mm lens at f/2.8, and with the filter-modified Canon 5D Mark II at ISO 1600 tracking the sky on the iOptron SkyTracker, with no guidind. Images were stacked and stitched in Photoshop CC. Taken from the Four Bar Cottages near Portal Arizona, May 4/5, 2014.
Centre of Galaxy on Horizon (June 9, 2013)
The centre of the Galaxy region in Sagittarius and Scorpius skimming the southern horizon on June 9, 2013 from home at a latitude of +51°. M6 and M7 clusters are just on the horizon. The sky was moonless but lit with perpetual twilight. Ground illumination is from starlight. This is a single 15-second exposure at f/1.4 with the 24mm lens and Canon 60Da at ISO 1600. Taken as part of a comparison pair with a 60 second exposure.
This area in Cygnus that contains the circular Cocoon Nebula, aka IC 5146, located at the end of the long dark nebula called the Dark Cigar but officially is Barnard 168. The nebulas are flanked by two open star clusters: NGC 7209 at far left just over the border in Lacerta, and Messier 39 at far right. NGC 7209 barely stands out amid the rich starfield here, just below an orange star, while M39 is bright but sparse at right. The clusters and dark nebula stand out well in binoculars but the Cocoon Nebula is a challenge to see in telescopes. This is a stack of 6 x 6-minute exposures with the William Optics RedCat 51mm astrographic refractor at f/5 and the Canon EOS Ra at ISO 800 with LENR on as it was the warmest night of the summer, August 18, 2020. Aligned, stacked and median combined in Photoshop to eliminate some satellite trails. Autoguided with the ZWO ASIAir and ASI120MM guide camera with the RedCat on the Astro-Physics Mach1 mount. No filters employed here.
A wide-field image of the Coma-Virgo Galaxy Cluster including the Messier galaxies around the star 6 Comae at top right, down to the galaxies of Markarian’s Chain at bottom left, including several other Messiers. The field is about 4 degrees high and 6 degrees wide. This is a stack of 5 x 8-minute exposures through the SharpStar 76mm EDPH refractor and with the SharpStar flattener/reducer for f/4.5, and with the Canon EOS Ra at ISO 800. An additional exposure taken through light cloud layered in added the star glows. Clouds prevented more exposures.