Aurora from Home v2 (Feb 19, 2021)

An aurora from home in southern Alberta on February 19, 2021. The Kp index was up to 4 this night and produced superb shows from northern latitudes, and a nice photogenic horizon display from my latitude of 51° N. Illumination is from the waxing quarter Moon behind the camera in the west. This is looking northeast over the old farm rake. This is a single 15-second exposure at f/2.8 with the Laowa 15mm lens and Sony a7III at ISO 800.

The Nebulas of the Unicorn

This is a portrait of the main glowing nebulas amid star clusters in Monoceros, the Unicorn. The main nebula at bottom is the Rosette Nebula, aka NGC 2237-9/45 surrounding the star cluster NGC 2244. But in this long exposure streams of nebulas extend north to connect to a large region of diffuse nebulosity around the Christmas Tree Cluster, NGC 2264, with the main nebula at top catalogued as Sharpless 2-273 and containing a region of bright blue reflection nebulosity. Just below that blue nebula is the dark, conical Cone Nebula. Just below it is the tiny (on this scale) Hubble's Variable Nebula, NGC 2261, a small bright triangular patch. The blue reflection nebula at upper right is IC 2169, surrounded by other smaller patches of reflection nebulosity including NGC 2245 and IC 446. The V-shaped dark nebula at top is LDN 1603. The star cluster just below that is Trumpler 5. This is a stack of 8 x 12-minute exposures at ISO 3200 through an Optolong L-Enhance narrow-band nebula filter, blended with a stack of 8 x 8-minute exposures without a filter (for more natural star colors and the blue reflection nebulas) at ISO 800. All were with the Canon EOS Ra camera through the f/5 51mm William Optics RedCat astrograph with a Starizona filter drawer. Autoguiding was with the Lacerta MGEN3 autoguider which applied a dithering shift between each frame to help cancel out thermal noise when stacking. No darks or LENR were used here on this mild winter night at -5° C or so. All stacking, alignment and blending was in Adobe Photoshop 2021. Luminosity masks (DM2, D and M) applied with Lumenzia helped bring out the faint nebulosity.

The Nebulas of Auriga

This is a portrait of the main glowing nebulas amid star clusters in central Auriga, the Charioteer. The main nebula at right is the Flaming Star Nebula, aka IC 405. But in this long exposure its mass blends into the central roundish nebula, IC 410. At top left is the pair of Sharpless nebulas, Sh 2-232 and the small Sh 2-235. The fingerlike nebula at top centre is Sh 2-230. The star cluster just to its left is Messier 38, with the small cluster NGC 1907 just below M38. The star cluster at left centre is Messier 36. At centre frame is the nebula IC 417 around the cluster Stock 8. The line of colourful stars at lower right between IC 405 and IC 410 is the Little FIsh or Flying Minnow asterism, aka Mel 11. This is a stack of 11 x 12-minute exposures at ISO 3200 through an Optolong L-Enhance dual-band nebula filter, blended with a stack of 12 x 8-minute exposures without a filter (for more natural star colors and the blue reflection nebula in IC 405) at ISO 800. All with the Canon EOS Ra camera through the f/5 51mm William Optics RedCat astrograph with a Starizona filter drawer. Autoguiding was with the Lacerta MGEN3 autoguider which applied a dithering shift between each frame to help cancel out thermal noise when stacking. No darks or LENR were used here on this mild winter night at -5° C or so. All stacking, alignment and blending was in Adobe Photoshop 2021. Luminosity masks (DM2, D and M) applied with Lumenzia helped bring out the faint nebulosity.

Waxing Moon, Mercury and Jupiter (with Labels)

The line of the waxing crescent Moon (then 2 days old), above prominent Mercury (then approaching its greatest elongation away from the Sun on Jan. 23), and just-visible Jupiter at bottom right about to set (and then approaching its conjunction behind the Sun on Jan. 28). This is a single shot with the 135mm lens and Canon EOS Ra.

Waxing Moon, Mercury and Jupiter

The line of the waxing crescent Moon (then 2 days old), above prominent Mercury (then approaching its greatest elongation away from the Sun on Jan. 23), and just-visible Jupiter at bottom right about to set (and then approaching its conjunction behind the Sun on Jan. 28). This is a single shot with the 135mm lens and Canon EOS Ra.

The Nebulas of Orion

This is composition taking in many of the bright and not so bright nebulas in and around the Sword and Belt of Orion. At bottom is the bright Orion Nebula, Messier 42. Above it is the bluish Running Man Nebula, NGC 1973-5-7. At centre is the famous dark Horsehead Nebula, B33, silhouetted against the bright glow of IC 434. Above it, and above the blue star Alnitak is the pinkish Flame Nebula, NGC 2024. At top left is the reflection nebula complex of Messier 78 and NGC 2071. Numerous other small patches of nebulosity shine around the Belt stars at right of centre. The large Barnard's Loop, Sh-2-276, just sneaks into the corner of the frame at top left. This is a blend of filtered and unfiltered images: a stack of 8 x 8-minute exposures through an Optolong L-Enhance filter blended with a stack of 12 x 8-minute exposures without a filter, with the filtered shots at ISO 3200 and unfiltered shots at ISO 800. Stacks of 4 x 2-minute at ISO 800 and 4 x 2-minute at ISO 200 are also blended in with luminosity masks to retain the details in the bright core of the Orion Nebula, and to shrink the stars. All were with the Canon EOS Ra mirrorless camera shooting through the William Optics RedCat 51mm astrograph at f/5 (250mm focal length). The unfiltered shots were taken the night after the filtered shots, as incoming haze and ice fog cut short the shoot on the first night, January 9, 2021, and prevented more filtered shots (for lower noise) without haze. As it is, some haze surrounds the stars. The RedCat is equipped with the Starizona filter drawer accessory to make it easier to swap the filter in and out without affecting camera position. This was on the Astro-Physics Mach1 mount and guided with the made-in-Hungary Lacerta MGEN3 autoguider which also controlled the camera and applied a dithering motion between each shot to help remove thermal noise. No dark frames were taken nor was Long Exposure Noise Reduction applied in camera, though it was -5° C these nights, chilly but mild for January here in Alberta. All stacking, aligning and mean or median combining (the latter to eliminate some geosat trails) was done in Photoshop 2021. Luminosity masks to enhance the faint nebulosity and apply star masks where needed were created with the Lumenzia extension panel. The masking helps compress the dynamic range, allowing the faintest nebulosity to be enhanced without blowing out the bright highlights like the core of M42. But inevitably, the Orion Nebula ends up looking dimmer than it really is in relation to the other nebulas in the field.

The Interstellar Dust Clouds of Taurus and Perseus

A wide-field image of the region of Perseus and Taurus from the pink California Nebula (NGC 1499) at top, to the blue Pleiades star cluster (M45) at bottom. In between and surrounding the main bright objects are many tendrils of interstellar dust clouds, varying in shades of brown and pale blue. Around the Pleiades the faint clouds reflect some of the lblue light of the young stars, but away from the Pleiades the clouds take on a warm reddish tone, or appear as just dark fingers blocking all light from behind. At centre right are some brighter patches known as IC 348 around the star Atik, aka Omicron Persei. The glow at left in the darkest cloud is IC 2087. The small star cluster at upper right is NGC 1342. This is a stack of 30 x 4-minute exposures with the Canon EOS Ra camera at ISO 800, and the low-cost Rokinon 85mm f/1.4 lens at f/4 and shooting through a NISI Natural Night light pollution filter, a mild broadband filter. The lens, despite being stopped down, is still subject to some chromatic aberration, which lens corrections help with but cannot fully eliminate at the raw development stage. All stacking, alignment and processing with Photoshiop 2021, with luminosity masks created with Lumenzia v9 extension panel , which was very helpful in bringing the faint dust clouds out from the dark background. No dark frames or LENR applied on this cool winter night.

Planet Trails of Jupiter and Saturn Setting

A star trail image with the main trails at centre of Jupiter (brightest) and below it dimmer Saturn setting together in the southwest twilight sky on January 3, 2021. Stars add the other trails above in the darker sky from the later frames in the sequence. This was more than 10 days after their very close Great Conjunction, though the two planets were still quite close in the evening sky. This is a stack of 950 frames taken over 45 minutes at 2-second intervals with manually increased exposure time throughout. All with the 85mm Rokinon lens at f/4 and Canon 6D MkII at ISO 100. Stacking was direct from the developed raw files with the now sadly discontinued Advanced Stacker Actions Plus action set. Processing was with LRTimelapse to equalize and ramp the settings to smooth the transitions for the purposes of a time-lapse movie. The ground and band of dark clouds are from a stack of 10 frames from early in the sequence when it was brighter, stacked to smooth noise.

The Rising of the Cold Winter Moon

A composite image of the rising of the December 29, 2020 "Cold" Full Moon into a very clear evening twilight sky, here over the Badlands of Dinosaur Provincial Park, Alberta. The Moon rose with the Sun still up and lighting the landscape in warm tones, contrasting with the cool blues of the snowy landscape and sky. The pink Belt of Venus glow lights the lower sky near the horizon. It is not often we get a Full Moon (it was only 4 hours before being officially Full this night) rising with the Sun still up and illuminating the landscape. This is a layered blend of 13 exposures taken at 5-minute intervals, from moonrise just before sunset, to the Moon high in a dark sky more than an hour later. The ground and sky near the horizon is a blend of the first four exposures while the upper sky is from the last two exposures to place the now bright Moon into a darker sky as it actually appeared. The Moon moves its own diameter in about 2 minutes, so picking shots taken 5 minutes apart provides a good spacing for a shot with this field of view. Shots with longer telephoto lenses would be better with Moons taken every 3 to 4 minutes. These frames were taken as past of an 800-frame time lapse with the camera on auto exposure to ensure each frame was well exposed for the ground and sky. But as the Moon brightens as it rises that inevitably overexposes the Moon's disk — the exposure sequence I used here works for the time-lapse but is not so ideal for a composite still image like this. Had I wanted this to be shot taken just for a still image composite I would have had to fix the exposure at more or less what it was at mid-sequence here, to keep the lunar disk at that brightness and detail. So be it! All were with the Rokinon 85mm lens and Canon 6D MkII at ISO 100. It was about -10° C this evening.

Moonrise at Dinosaur Park Panorama

A 180° panorama of the rising Full Moon and twilight colours over the badlands of Dinosaur Provincial Park, Alberta on December 29, 2020. This was the "Cold Winter" Moon of 2020. The view is overlooking the Red Deer River valley. I shot this panorama from the Park's entrance gate viewpoint. The image is a 14-segment panorama with the 50mm Sigma lens at f/4.5 and Canon EOS Ra at ISO 100, stitched with Adobe Camera Raw. The original is 34,000 pixels wide.

Cold Moonrise over Snowy Dinosaur Park

The Full "Cold" Moon of December 29, 2020 rising over the Badlands of Dinosaur Provincial Park, Alberta, on the Red Deer River. The last light of the setting Sun was breaking through briefly, illuminating the far river bank, as the Moon rose into the dark shadow of the Earth and pink "Belt of Venus" glow in the upper atmosphere. Despite being full, the Moon rose this night about 30 minutes before sunset, allowing this lighting. The Moon was about 4 hours before being officially Full at this time. This is a single image with the Rokinon 85mm lens on the Canon 6D MkII taken as part of an 800-frame time-lapse.

Cold Moon Rising over Dinosaur Park

The Full "Cold" Moon of December 29, 2020 rising over the Badlands of Dinosaur Provincial Park, Alberta, on the Red Deer River, here at left. The last light of the setting Sun was breaking through briefly, illuminating the far river bank, as the Moon rose into the dark shadow of the Earth and pink "Belt of Venus" glow in the upper atmosphere. Despite being full, the Moon rose this night about 30 minutes before sunset, allowing this lighting. The Moon was about 4 hours before being officially Full at this time. This is a single image with the Sigma 50mm lens on the Canon EOS Ra taken as part of a 500-frame time-lapse.

Jupiter & Saturn over Bow River Valley

The still close pairing of Jupiter and Saturn in the evening twilight over the Bow River Valley, in southern Alberta, taken from the Siksika First Nations land near Blackfoot Crossing on December 28, 2020. The night was very clear with brilliant twilight colours. The waxing Moon was providing some of the foreground illumination. This is an HDR panorama of 3 x 3 panels: 3 segments, each with 3 exposures of 2, 4, and 8 seconds, to retain the sky colours but bring out the landscape details. Merged with Adobe Camera Raw. Shot with the Sigma 50mm lens on the red-sensitive Canon EOS Ra camera at ISO 100.

Jupiter & Saturn in the Twilight with Closeup Inset (December 22, 2020)

The pairing of Jupiter and Saturn in the evening twilight, the day after their closest conjunction, taken here on December 22, 2020. This was from home, as a snowstorm in the previous 24 hours had made the roads too poor to travel. Brighter Jupiter is to the left of Saturn and is pulling away from Saturn here, but they were still separated by only 10 arc minutes this evening. The inset shows the view through a telescope with the Galilean moons of Jupiter visible and three of the moons of Saturn. Other points are field stars. The background image is a stack of 6 untracked exposures to smooth the motion of the clouds, but the planets come from just one of the exposures, all being 0.8-second shots with the 85mm Rokinon lens at f/4 and with the Canon 6D MkII at ISO 200. The closeup image is a stack of six 4-second exposures (to bring out the moons) taken about 5:45 pm local MST. All were through the Celestron SE6 Schmidt-Cassegrain at f/10 (so 1500mm focal length) on the Sky-Watcher EQM-35 mount tracking the sky but only roughly polar aligned, and through the Canon EOS Ra camera at ISO 800, and cropped in. The planets' low altitude blurred their images from poor seeing. Atmospheric dispersion adds to colour fringing.

Jupiter & Saturn in the Twilight (December 22, 2020)

The pairing of Jupiter and Saturn in the evening twilight, the day after their closest conjunction, taken here on December 22, 2020. This was from home, as a snowstorm in the previous 24 hours had made the roads too poor to travel. Brighter Jupiter is to the left of Saturn and is pulling away from Saturn here, but they were still separated by only 10 arc minutes this evening. This is a stack of 6 untracked exposures to smooth the motion of the clouds, but the planets come from just one of the exposures, all being 0.8-second shots with the 85mm Rokinon lens at f/4 and with the Canon 6D MkII at ISO 200.

Jupiter and Saturn in Conjunction at Dinosaur Park (Dec 20, 2020)

Jupiter and Saturn, on the eve of their rare "Great Conjunction," shot here on December 20, 2020 from Dinosaur Provincial Park, Alberta. The two planets are very close here, only 8 arc minutes apart, just 2 arc minutes more than at closest approach the next night (which was cloudy!). Even so, they are resolved in this image with an 85mm lens, and were easily resolvable to the naked eye. Some of the moons of Jupiter are visible, particularly Callisto and Ganymede to the left of Jupiter. This was a superb night at the Park, with perfect skies and a mild temperature of only 0° C and no wind or frost. Illumination is from the twilight but also moonlight from the waxing quarter Moon off frame to the upper left. This is a blend of tracked (for the sky, to prevent star trailing) and untracked (for the ground) exposures: 7 x 30 second exposures for the ground (to bring out foreground detail) at f/2.8 and 5 x 8-second exposures for the sky at f/4, all at ISO 400 and with the Rokinon 85mm lens and Canon EOS Ra camera. The camera was on the Sky-Watcher Star Adventurer 2i tracker. Stacking the tracked shots blurred the moving clouds and smoothed noise. Stacking the ground reduced noise. I shot this well past traditional "blue hour" when there was still colour in the sky to the camera, but the sky was dark enough to show stars, and the ground was beginning to light up with moonlight, highlighting the snow and ice patches.

Shooting the Great Conjunction with Closeup Inset (Dec 20, 2020)

A selfie shooting the "great conjunction" of Jupiter and Saturn on December 20, 2020, the night before the closest approach of the two planets, seen here in the distance over the peak. The inset shows the closeup view captured by the telescope a little earlier in the evening, with the two planets and their brightest moons labelled. The planets were less than 1/8 degree apart (8 arc minutes) this night, on a perfect night at Dinosaur Provincial Park, Alberta. They were 6 arc minutes apart the next night but clouds prevailed! I am shooting the planets with a Celestron SE6 tube assembly on the Sky-Watcher EQM-35 mount and with the Canon 60Da cropped frame camera, for maximum magnification. The background selfie is a blend of two exposures, one focused for the background and sky, and one focused for me and the telescope in the foreground, both single 1.3-second exposures at f/2.8 and with the Canon 35mm lens and Canon 6D MkII at ISO 400. Another camera for shooting tracked shots is in the distance at left. The closeup inset is a blend of short 0.5-second (for the planets) and long 3-second exposures (for the moons) with the scope at f/10 for 1,500mm focal length.

Shooting the Great Conjunction (Dec 20, 2020)

A selfie shooting the "great conjunction" of Jupiter and Saturn on December 20, 2020, the night before the closest approach of the two planets, seen here in the distance over the peak. The planets were less than 1/8 degree apart (8 arc minutes) this night, on a perfect night at Dinosaur Provincial Park, Alberta. I am shooting the planets with a Celestron SE6 tube assembly on the Sky-Watcher EQM-35 mount and with the Canon 60Da cropped frame camera, for maximum magnification. This selfie is a blend of two exposures, one focused for the background and sky, and one focused for me and the telescope in the foreground, both single 1.3-second exposures at f/2.8 and with the Canon 35mm lens and Canon 6D MkII at ISO 400. Another camera for shooting tracked shots is in the distance at left.

Shooting the Great Conjunction with Close-Up View (Dec 19, 2020)

A selfie shooting the "great conjunction" of Jupiter and Saturn on December 19, 2020, two nights before the closest approach of the two planets. The inset shows the image I took a few minutes earlier through the telescope at left. By the time I took this selfie the planets had dropped into the clouds again and only Jupiter was visible to the camera, and here it is out of focus in the distance at lower right, as I focused for the foreground. So the planets were low! The planets were less than 1/4 degree apart (13 arc minutes) this night, but with the clouds I was lucky to capture them at all. Only the Galiliean moons of Jupiter showed up, and fuzzy, but not any of the moons of Saturn. I am shooting the planets with a Celestron SE6 tube assembly on the Sky-Watcher EQM-35 mount and with the Canon 60Da cropped frame camera, for maximum magnification. I placed the scope at the end of my driveway so I could get a clear shot to the southwest. The inset shows the image I shot through the telescope a few minutes earlier (before I shot the selfie) when the planets were a little higher up in the clear break visible here. The closeup inset is a stack of 4 x 4-second exposures with the Canon 60Da at ISO 800, and at the f/10 prime focus of the scope, so at 1,500mm focal length. The bright glow at upper left of the main image is the waxing crescent Moon in clouds, and it is creating a refraction-effect "moondog" in the clouds at right. The main selfie image is a single 15-second exposure at f/2.8 and with the Canon 35mm lens and Canon 6D MkII at ISO 1600.

Jupiter, Saturn and the Waxing Moon at Dinosaur Park

This is the grouping of the 3-day-old waxing crescent Moon with the close pairing of Jupiter and Saturn on December 16, 2020, as seen from Dinosaur Provincial Park, Alberta on a mild winter evening with clouds parting just enough for the view. It waas nip and tuck getting any shots this night and getting a clear shot of both the Moon and the planets was tough! This is a stack of 7 tracked exposures for the sky, all 6 seconds at f/2.8 and ISO 200 blended with a stack of 4 untracked exposures for the ground, all 30 seconds at f/4.5 and ISO 400, with each set stacked with Mean stack mode to reduce noise. But stacking the sky blurred the cloud motions for a nice soft effect, while leaving the Moon and planets sharp as the camera was tracking the sky for those images. The longer static exposures for the ground brought out the foreground details and colours. A dodge and burn layer helped touch up the relative brightnesses of the ground elements. The camera was the Canon EOS Ra and lens the 35mm Canon L-series, on the Sky-Watcher Star Adventurer 2i tracker.

Jupiter and Saturn in Twilight Panorama

Jupiter and Saturn nearing their December 21, 2020 Great Conjunction, with this image taken December 14, 2020 from home in southern Alberta. This is a panorama stitch of two images, each a blend of 4 untracked images for the dark ground and stacked to smooth noise, plus a stack of 4 tracked images for the sky, all with the 85mm Rokinon lens at f/3.5 and Canon EOS Ra at ISO 400. The camera was on the Star Adventurer 2i tracker, only roughly polar aligned as Polaris was not readily visible amid clouds to the north and in the bright sky. Diffraction spikes added in Astronomy Tools actions. Stitched in Photoshop with Photomerge. Taken well past traditional "blue hour" but when there was still a lot of colour in the sky to the camera, yet the sky was dark enough to show other stars.

Jupiter and Saturn in Twilight #2

Jupiter and Saturn nearing their December 21, 2020 Great Conjunction, with this image taken December 14, 2020 from home in southern Alberta. This is a blend of 5 untracked images for the dark ground and stacked to smooth noise, for 10 seconds each, plus a stack of 4 tracked images for the sky for 6 seconds each, all with the 85mm Rokinon lens at f/3.5 and Canon EOS Ra at ISO 400. The camera was on the Star Adventurer 2i tracker, only roughly polar aligned as Polaris was not readily visible amid clouds to the north and in the bright sky. Diffraction spikes added in Astronomy Tools actions. Taken well past traditional "blue hour" but when there was still a lot of colour in the sky to the camera, yet the sky was dark enough to show other stars.

Jupiter and Saturn in Twilight #1

Jupiter and Saturn nearing their December 21, 2020 Great Conjunction, with this image taken December 14, 2020 from home in southern Alberta. This is a blend of 4 untracked images for the dark ground and stacked to smooth noise, for 4 seconds each, plus a stack of 4 tracked images for the sky for 2.5 seconds each, all with the 85mm Rokinon lens at f/3.5 and Canon EOS Ra at ISO 400. The camera was on the Star Adventurer 2i tracker, only roughly polar aligned as Polaris was not readily visible amid clouds to the north and in the bright sky. Diffraction spikes added in Astronomy Tools actions. Taken well past traditional "blue hour" but when there was still a lot of colour in the sky to the camera, yet the sky was dark enough to show other stars.

Jupiter and Saturn Over the Red Deer River Valley

Jupiter and Saturn nearing their December 21, 2020 Great Conjunction, with this image taken December 10, 2020 from Red Deer River valley, north of Drumheller, Alberta. This is a blend of 4 images for the dark ground, stacked to smooth noise, for 20 seconds each at f/5.6, and a single image for the sky for 5 seconds at f/2.8, all with the 35mm Canon lens and Canon EOS Ra at ISO 400. All untracked. A dodge and burn layer created by Lumenzia applied.